Adherence versus striving to adhere to vegan, vegetarian, or pescatarian diets: Applying a goal-centered, self-regulatory framework.

Adherence to plant-rich diets remains low despite numerous health benefits accruing to such practices. We sought to distinguish college students who report high adherence to a plant-rich diet ("Sustainers") from those who are less successful ("Strivers"). Sustainers more strongly endorsed multiple ethical dietary motives and indicated stronger allegiance to their values compared to Strivers, who rated health reasons more highly.

A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome.

Objective: Uptake, adherence, and dropout rates for Internet-based programs for depression are in need of improvement. Excessive user burden (eg, heavy content, extended duration) may undermine engagement and precipitate dropout. To address this problem, an alternative format was proposed: Brief Interactive Training Sessions (BITS).

A goal-systems perspective on plant-based eating: keys to successful adherence in university students.

Objective: To explore adherence to a plant-based diet from the perspective of goals- and motivations-based systems.

Design: A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted regarding eating patterns, goals and motivations for current eating habits.

Setting: Data were collected using an online survey platform, including the Goal Systems Assessment Battery (GSAB) and other survey tools.

Examining the Adjustment Patterns of Adults With Multiple Chronic Pain Conditions and Multiple Pain Sites: More Pain, No Gain.

The present study examined how multiple chronic pain conditions and pain sites are associated with sociodemographics, chronic pain adjustment profiles, and emotional distress. A total of 2,407 individuals who reported at least 6 months of having consistent pain severity, pain interference, and/or emotional burden due to pain were recruited through random digit dialing across the United States. Participants' chronic pain adjustment profiles (ie, pain intensity, pain interference, emotional burden, pain catastrophizing, pain coping, pain attitudes, and social resources) were assessed.

Addressing Item-Level Missing Data: A Comparison of Proration and Full Information Maximum Likelihood Estimation.

Often when participants have missing scores on one or more of the items comprising a scale, researchers compute prorated scale scores by averaging the available items. Methodologists have cautioned that proration may make strict assumptions about the mean and covariance structures of the items comprising the scale (Schafer & Graham, 2002 ; Graham, 2009 ; Enders, 2010 ). We investigated proration empirically and found that it resulted in bias even under a missing completely at random (MCAR) mechanism.