Creation and maintenance of a table for assessment of evolving evidence for COVID-19-related treatments.

Purpose: This report describes the development and maintenance of a table to present an assessment of evidence for treatments used in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Summary: AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) (American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD) is ASHP's evidence-based drug compendium that contains drug monographs written for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. The professional editorial and analytical staff of pharmacists critically evaluate published evidence to develop drug monographs for AHFS DI.

Model-free classification of X-ray scattering signals applied to image segmentation.

In most cases, the analysis of small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS, respectively) requires a theoretical model to describe the sample's scattering, complicating the interpretation of the scattering resulting from complex heterogeneous samples. This is the reason why, in general, the analysis of a large number of scattering patterns, such as are generated by time-resolved and scanning methods, remains challenging. Here, a model-free classification method to separate SAXS/WAXS signals on the basis of their inflection points is introduced and demonstrated.

Real-time 3D imaging of Haines jumps in porous media flow.

Newly developed high-speed, synchrotron-based X-ray computed microtomography enabled us to directly image pore-scale displacement events in porous rock in real time. Common approaches to modeling macroscopic fluid behavior are phenomenological, have many shortcomings, and lack consistent links to elementary pore-scale displacement processes, such as Haines jumps and snap-off. Unlike the common singular pore jump paradigm based on observations of restricted artificial capillaries, we found that Haines jumps typically cascade through 10-20 geometrically defined pores per event, accounting for 64% of the energy dissipation.

Arsenic trioxide as first-line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Purpose: The history, clinical pharmacology and toxicities, and role of arsenic trioxide as a first-line agent for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are described.

Summary: APL is most often characterized by the hallmark reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, leading to the fusion of the promyelocytic gene and retinoic acid receptor alpha. Arsenic's therapeutic utility as an antileukemic agent was first described in the late 18th century.