Effect of Age on Clinical Trial Outcome in Participants with Probable Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Age may affect treatment outcome in trials of mild probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: We examined age as a moderator of outcome in an exploratory study of deep brain stimulation targeting the fornix (DBS-f) region in participants with AD.

Methods: Forty-two participants were implanted with DBS electrodes and randomized to double-blind DBS-f stimulation ("on") or sham DBS-f ("off") for 12 months.

Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting the Fornix for Mild Alzheimer Dementia (the ADvance Trial): A Two Year Follow-up Including Results of Delayed Activation.

Background: Given recent challenges in developing new treatments for Alzheimer dementia (AD), it is vital to explore alternate treatment targets, such as neuromodulation for circuit dysfunction. We previously reported an exploratory Phase IIb double-blind trial of deep brain stimulation targeting the fornix (DBS-f) in mild AD (the ADvance trial). We reported safety but no clinical benefits of DBS-f versus the delayed-on (sham) treatment in 42 participants after one year.

A Phase II Study of Fornix Deep Brain Stimulation in Mild Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to modulate the activity of dysfunctional brain circuits. The safety and efficacy of DBS in dementia is unknown.

Objective: To assess DBS of memory circuits as a treatment for patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Long-term clinical and surrogate marker effects of subcutaneous intermittent interleukin-2 without antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients.

Objectives: Subcutaneous administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to increase CD4 counts in HIV-infected patients. It remains unclear whether this effect is associated with a clinical benefit.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a long-term follow-up in the cohort of the UK-Vanguard study in which three groups of 12 antiretroviral-naive subjects with CD4 cell counts >350 cells/mm(3) received no treatment or IL-2 at either 4.

Development of rebiana, a natural, non-caloric sweetener.

Rebiana is the common name for high-purity rebaudioside A, a natural non-calorie sweetener 200-300 times more potent than sucrose. It provides zero calories and has a clean, sweet taste with no significant undesirable taste characteristics. It is functional in a wide array of beverages and foods and can be blended with other non-calorie or carbohydrate sweeteners.