Root microbes can improve plant tolerance to insect damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To limit damage from insect herbivores, plants rely on a blend of defensive mechanisms that includes partnerships with beneficial microbes, particularly those inhabiting roots. While ample evidence exists for microbially mediated resistance responses that directly target insects through changing phytotoxin and volatile profiles, we know surprisingly little about the microbial underpinnings of plant tolerance. Tolerance defenses counteract insect damage via shifts in plant physiology that reallocate resources to fuel compensatory growth, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and reduce oxidative stress.

β-Cyclodextrin-NHC-Au(I)-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent 1,5-Enyne Cycloisomerizations.

Enantioconvergent transformations from racemic mixtures are attractive since they allow the generation of optically active products with full conversion despite the possibly adverse kinetic resolution process. When dealing with gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerizations, chirality transfer from the precursor is another possible diverting pathway, which renders enantioconvergence challenging. Not surprisingly, enantioconvergent Au(I)-catalyzed processes have remained extremely rare.

Evidence of elevated situational awareness for active duty soldiers during navigation of a virtual environment.

U.S. service members maintain constant situational awareness (SA) due to training and experience operating in dynamic and complex environments.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Induces Degeneration of mDA Neurons In Vitro.

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects 1-2% of the population over the age of 60 and the majority of PD cases are sporadic, without any family history of the disease. Neuroinflammation driven by microglia has been shown to promote the progression of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron loss through the release of neurotoxic factors. Interestingly, the risk of developing PD is significantly higher in distinct occupations, such as farming and agriculture, and is linked to the use of pesticides and herbicides.

Single-embryo RNA sequencing for continuous and sex-specific gene expression analysis on Drosophila.

Exploring early embryonic gene expression is challenging due to the rate of development and the limited material available. Here, we present a protocol for ordering Drosophila embryos along a developmental pseudo-time trajectory and determining the sex of the embryos using RNA-seq data. We describe steps for sample collection, RNA isolation, RNA-seq, and RNA-seq data processing.