Obtaining super-resolved images at the mesoscale through super-resolution radial fluctuations.

Significance: Current super-resolution imaging techniques allow for a greater understanding of cellular structures; however, they are often complex or only have the ability to image a few cells at once. This small field of view (FOV) may not represent the behavior across the entire sample, and manual selection of regions of interest (ROIs) may introduce bias. It is possible to stitch and tile many small ROIs; however, this can result in artifacts across an image.

Quantifying the fractal complexity of nutrient transport channels in biofilms under varying cell shape and growth environment.

Recent mesoscopic characterization of nutrient-transporting channels in has allowed the identification and measurement of individual channels in whole mature colony biofilms. However, their complexity under different physiological and environmental conditions remains unknown. Analysis of confocal micrographs of colony biofilms formed by cell shape mutants of shows that channels have high fractal complexity, regardless of cell phenotype or growth medium.

The impact of methylparaben and chlorine on the architecture of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilms.

The biofilm architecture is significantly influenced by external environmental conditions. Biofilms grown on drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are exposed to environmental contaminants, including parabens, and disinfection strategies, such as chlorine. Although changes in biofilm density and culturability from chemical exposure are widely reported, little is known about the effects of parabens and chlorine on biofilm morphology and architecture.

Oxygen Microenvironments in Biofilm Nutrient Transport Channels: Insights from Complementary Sensing Approaches.

Chemical gradients and the emergence of distinct microenvironments in biofilms are vital to the stratification, maturation and overall function of microbial communities. These gradients have been well characterised throughout the biofilm mass but the microenvironment of recently discovered nutrient transporting channels in biofilms remains unexplored. This study employs three different oxygen sensing approaches to provide a robust quantitative overview of the oxygen gradients and microenvironments throughout the biofilm transport channel networks formed by macrocolony biofilms.

A qualitative study exploring the challenges for a national police force as first responders to children and young people presenting with mental health crises: perspectives of emergency department professionals.

Introduction: The difficulties in accessing Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and the lack of out-of-hours and crises services have resulted in Ireland's national police force, An Garda Síochána (GS), becoming increasingly involved as first responders to children and young people (CYP) who are experiencing potential mental health crises.

Aims: To outline challenges faced by members of GS and emergency department (ED) professionals in such cases.

Method: Qualitative study design with semi-structured interviews conducted with a convenience sample of medical and mental health professionals ( = 11) from a paediatric ED who are frequently involved with the interface between GS and CYP experiencing potential mental health crises.