Innovation and challenges: minimally invasive surgery training in Latin America.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the current status of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) training in Latin America and to identify the primary hurdles for the acquisition of laparoscopic skills.

Materials And Methods: An anonymous survey was launched on various social media in November 2022. Surgeon responses were analyzed.

Neither Carinatum nor Excavatum: Insights Regarding the Novel Postprematurity Thoracic Dysplasia and Traditional Harrison Grooves.

Background/purpose: In recent years, a new chest wall malformation (CWM), the postprematurity thoracic dysplasia (PPTD), was reported. It was characterized as an inward deviation of the anterior tips of the 6th ribs and a personal history of prematurity and respiratory distress. At the moment, PPTD's prevalence and etiology are yet to be defined.

The PII protein interacts with the Amt ammonium transport and modulates nitrate/nitrite assimilation in mycobacteria.

PII proteins are signal transduction proteins that belong to a widely distributed family of proteins involved in the modulation of different metabolisms in bacteria. These proteins are homotrimers carrying a flexible loop, named T-loop, which changes its conformation due to the recognition of diverse key metabolites, ADP, ATP, and 2-oxoglutarate. PII proteins interact with different partners to primarily regulate a set of nitrogen pathways.