What Is in a Name? Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Collegiate Athletes With and Without a History of Concussion.

Context: Athletes with a history of concussion (CON) have been demonstrated to have heightened levels of anxiety and depression that may continue well beyond the resolution of concussion symptoms. The global events of 2020 resulted in elevated levels of anxiety and depression in the general population, which may have unequally presented in collegiate athletes with (CON) than those without a history of concussion (NoCON). Using a deception design, our survey-based study compared levels of anxiety and depression in CON and NoCON collegiate athletes in response to the pandemic and social injustices.

Strategic interventions in clinical randomized trials for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity in the pediatric population: a systematic review with meta-analysis and bibliometric analysis.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a prevalent hepatic condition linked to metabolic alterations. It gradually causes liver damage and potentially progresses to cirrhosis. Despite its significance, research, especially in the pediatric population, is limited, leading to contradictory findings in diagnosis and treatment.

Profound reduction of HIV-1 reservoir cells over 3 decades of antiretroviral therapy started in early infancy.

HIV-1 reservoir cells persist indefinitely during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in individuals who acquire infection in adulthood, but little is known about the longitudinal evolution of viral reservoir cells during long-term ART started during early infancy. We studied 2 fraternal twins who acquired HIV-1 perinatally, started ART at week 10 after birth and remained on ART for 28 years. We observed that the frequency of genome-intact proviruses, determined by single-genome near-full-length proviral sequencing, declined by approximately 4,000- to 13,000-fold during this period, indicating enhanced decay rates of intact proviruses even after adjusting for dilution effects from somatic growth.

Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Among Athletic Trainers.

Implicit biases are attitudes, emotions, or stereotypes that occur in an unconscious manner and have the potential to negatively affect behaviors, actions, and decisions. Recent studies have suggested that even when certain factors are controlled for, health care workers do not provide equitable care to patients from different demographics. When patients are not receiving equitable health care, there is a potential for disparities in patient-related outcomes.

Development, validation, and cut-off points for a questionnaire to measure sources of stress in veterinary medicine (SOS-VetMed).

Background: Occupational stress is a serious problem in veterinary medicine; however, validated instruments to measure this problem are lacking. The aim of the current study was to address this literature gap by designing and validating a questionnaire and establishing the cut-off points for identifying veterinarians with high and low levels of stress.

Methods: The study involved two sub-studies with two Spanish samples.