Skeletal muscle metabolic characteristics and fresh meat quality defects associated with wooden breast.

Wooden breast (WB) is a myopathy that occurs in pectoralis major (PM) muscles, predominately affecting large, fast-growing broilers. Severe myodegeneration, increased hypoxia, reduced blood flow, and increased collagen deposition are hallmark characteristics of WB that culminate in unsatisfactory fresh meat quality attributes, such as poor water-holding capacity, tenderness, and processing characteristics. Therefore, WB meat is often downgraded resulting in economic losses for the United States poultry industry.

Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Is Dynamic during Porcine Postnatal Growth.

Skeletal muscle metabolism has implications for swine feed efficiency (FE); however, it remains unclear if the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle changes during postnatal growth. To assess the metabolic changes, samples were collected from the (LD, glycolytic muscle), (LAT, mixed muscle), and (MS, oxidative muscle) at 20, 53, 87, 120, and 180 days of age from barrows. Muscles were assessed to determine the abundance of several metabolic enzymes.

A silver bullet for ageing medicine?: clinical relevance of T-cell checkpoint receptors in normal human ageing.

Immunosenescence describes dysregulation of the immune system with ageing manifested in both the innate and adaptive immunity, including changes in T-cell checkpoint signaling. Through complex and nuanced process, T-cells lose excitatory signaling pathways and upregulate their inhibitory signaling, leading to ineffective immune responses that contribute to the formation of the ageing phenotype. Here we expand on the expression, function, and clinical potential of targeting the T-cell checkpoint signaling in age and highlight interventions offering the most benefits to older adults' health.

Do measures of physical capacity and walking self-efficacy relate to frailty in older adults with difficulty walking outdoors? A secondary data analysis.

Purpose: Measures of physical capacity and self-efficacy may help rehabilitation professionals better understand and detect frailty in older adults. We aimed to characterize frailty, walking self-efficacy, physical capacity, and their inter-relationships in older adults with difficulty walking outdoors.

Materials And Methods: A secondary analysis of baseline data from 187 older adults (age ≥ 65 years) with mobility limitations was performed.

Phonon mechanism for the negative thermal expansion of zirconium tungstate, ZrWO.

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) in ZrWO was investigated using a flexibility analysis of phonons. It was shown that no previously proposed mechanism adequately describes the atomic-scale origin of NTE in this material. Instead it was found that the NTE in ZrWO is driven, not by a single mechanism, but by wide bands of phonons that resemble vibrations of near-rigid WO units and Zr-O bonds at low frequency, with deformation of O-W-O and O-Zr-O bond angles steadily increasing with increasing NTE-phonon frequency.