Clinical change 2 years from start of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor in severe cystic fibrosis.

Rationale: Limited published research is available on the impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) beyond the initial few months postdrug initiation, especially for those who initiated therapy via individual investigational new drug application. The experiences of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experiencing severe lung disease were reviewed for significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life.

Objectives: To examine clinical outcomes 2 years post-ETI in patients with CF and advanced lung disease.

Knee ligament tests: what do they really mean?

In summary, newer biomechanical concepts clarify human function, the clinical laxity tests, and functional stability of the joint. Biomechanical studies show that one or two ligaments provide the primary passive restraint for each plane of knee stability, with the remaining ligaments having a secondary, helping role. Correct interpretation of clinical laxity tests and surgical treatment of instability require understanding of this differentiation.