Comparing NIRS and Pulse Oximetry for Cerebral Oxygen Saturation During Hypoxia Testing.

This study evaluates the suitability of cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) compared to traditional pulse oximetry (SpO2) for measuring cerebral oxygen saturation during hypoxia testing, aiming to enhance safety during flight operations and training. The study included 106 participants aged 18-60 years at the Aerospace Medicine Training Center in Königsbrück. Cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured using the INVOS™ 5100C cerebral oximeter and Masimo™ MS5 pulse oximeter, respectively.

Seroprevalence of binding and neutralizing antibodies against 18 adeno-associated virus types in patients with neuromuscular disorders.

High levels of pre-existing antibodies are a major challenge for the application of viral vectors since they can severely limit their efficacy. To identify promising candidates among adeno-associated virus (AAV) based vectors for future gene therapies for the treatment of hereditary neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), we investigated the antibody levels in sera from patients with NMDs against 18 AAV types, including 11 AAVs with wild-type capsids, 5 AAVs with peptide-modified capsids and 2 AAVs with shuffled capsids. With regard to the wild-type capsid AAVs, the lowest binding antibody levels were detected against AAV6, AAV5, AAV12 and AAV9, whereas the highest binding antibody levels were detected against AAV10, AAV8, AAV1, and AAV2.

Effect of intranasal administration of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on pulmonary Cryptococcus gattii infection.

Cryptococcosis, caused by infections with C. neoformans and C. gattii, presents a serious threat to global health and necessitates effective treatment strategies.

Children's estimates of equivalent rational number magnitudes are not equal: Evidence from fractions, decimals, percentages, and whole numbers.

Integration of rational number knowledge with prior whole number knowledge has been theorized as critical for mathematical success. Fractions, decimals, and percentages are generally assumed to differ in difficulty based on the degree to which their structure is perceptually similar to whole numbers. Specifically, percentages are viewed as most similar to whole numbers with their fixed unstated denominator of 100.

Building integrated number sense in adults and children: Comparing fractions-only training with cross-notation number line training.

Mounting evidence points to the predictive power of cross-notation rational number understanding (e.g., 2/5 vs.