Is the presence of peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) in children related to the optic disc area, scleral canal diameter and refractive status?

Purpose: Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) have been recently described on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of the optic nerve. We aim to determine if there is a causal relationship between OCT measurements of the optic disc area (DA), scleral canal diameter (SCD) and refractive error (spherical equivalent, SE) on the presence of PHOMS.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of OCT scans which were graded for the presence or absence of PHOMS in children with suspected papilledema was undertaken.

Radiological features in pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease-diagnostic criteria and lesion dynamics.

The spectrum of acquired pediatric demyelinating syndromes has been expanding over the past few years, to include myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), as a distinct neuroimmune entity, in addition to pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and aquaporin 4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD). The 2023 MOGAD diagnostic criteria require supporting clinical or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in patients with low positive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG titers or when the titers are not available, highlighting the diagnostic role of imaging in MOGAD. In this review, we summarize the key diagnostic features in MOGAD, in comparison to POMS and AQP4+NMOSD.

The need for primary care providers in the clinical management of hypermobility spectrum disorders and ehlers-danlos syndrome: a call to action.

Patients with joint-hypermobility and joint-hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), including hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) present numerous co-morbid concerns, and multidisciplinary care has been recommended. The complexity of these patient's needs and increased demand for medical services have resulted in long delays for diagnosis and treatment and exhausted extant clinical resources. Strategies must be considered to ensure patient needs are met in a timely fashion.