Globally approved vaccines for COVID-19: a systematic review.

COVID-19 caused a public health emergency, which instituted a global effort to develop vaccines using different platforms, such as basic types and new-generation vaccines. Considering the importance of vaccination in preventing the severity of infectious diseases and the success in developing and approving vaccines against COVID-19 in record time, it is essential to learn about the characteristics of these vaccines. This study aimed to conduct a structured, systematic review following the PRISMA guideline, to analyze the general characteristics of vaccines approved globally for use against COVID-19.

Inhibition of neuroinflammation by GIBH-130 (AD-16) reduces neurodegeneration, motor deficits, and proinflammatory cytokines in a hemiparkinsonian model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the brain, manifesting itself with both motor and non-motor symptoms. A critical element of this pathology is neuroinflammation, which triggers a harmful neurotoxic cycle, exacerbating cell death within the central nervous system. AD-16 (also known as GIBH-130) is a recently identified compound capable of reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer's disease models.

Deletion of the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 Gene Mitigates the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson's Disease-Like Pathology.

Pharmacological inhibition of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), an oxidative stress-activated calcium channel, was previously reported to be protective in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the inhibitors used were not TRPM2 specific, so the involvement of this channel in PD remains unclear. Here, for the first time, Trpm2 partial (+ / -) and complete (- / -) knockout mice underwent stereotaxic surgery for PD induction.

Regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission by purinergic receptors in brain physiology and disease.

Purinergic receptors regulate the processing of neural information in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, structures related to cognitive functions. These receptors are activated when astrocytic and neuronal populations release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in an autocrine and paracrine manner, following sustained patterns of neuronal activity. The modulation by these receptors of GABAergic transmission has only recently been studied.

T Cells Spatially Regulate B Cell Receptor Signaling in Lymphomas through H3K9me3 Modifications.

Activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) is a subtype associated with poor survival outcomes. Despite identifying therapeutic targets through molecular characterization, targeted therapies have limited success. New strategies using immune-competent tissue models are needed to understand how DLBCL cells evade treatment.