Workflow for modeling of generalized mid-spatial frequency errors in optical systems.

We propose a workflow for modeling generalized mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors in optical imaging systems. This workflow enables the classification of MSF distributions, filtering of bandlimited signatures, propagation of MSF errors to the exit pupil, and performance predictions that differentiate performance impacts due to the MSF distributions. We demonstrate the workflow by modeling the performance impacts of MSF errors for both transmissive and reflective imaging systems with near-diffraction-limited performance.

Use of pupil-difference moments for predicting optical performance impacts of generalized mid-spatial frequency surface errors.

In this work, we present a methodology for predicting the optical performance impacts of random and structured MSF surface errors using pupil-difference probability distribution (PDPD) moments. In addition, we show that, for random mid-spatial frequency (MSF) surface errors, performance estimates from the PDPD moments converge to performance estimates that assume random statistics. Finally, we apply these methods to several MSF surface errors with different distributions and compare estimated optical performance values to predictions based on earlier methods assuming random error distributions.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Virtual Mock Interview for Health Professions Students.

Background: Virtual mock interviews were offered to students to improve job interviewing skills. This educational quality improvement project aimed to use virtual mock interviews to increase student preparedness and confidence, and reduce anxiety related to professional interviews.

Method: Health professions students ( = 19) participated in the mock interviews conducted and recorded through a web-based meeting.

Pupil-difference moments for estimating relative modulation from general mid-spatial frequency surface errors.

Standard surface specifications for mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors do not capture complex surface topography and often lose critical information by making simplifying assumptions about surface distribution and statistics. As a result, it is challenging to link surface specifications with optical performance. In this work, we present use of the pupil-difference probability distribution (PDPD) moments to assess general MSF surface errors and show how the PDPD moments relate to the relative modulation.

Unique foot posture in Neanderthals reflects their body mass and high mechanical stress.

Neanderthal foot bone proportions and morphology are mostly indistinguishable from those of Homo sapiens, with the exception of several distinct Neanderthal features in the talus. The biomechanical implications of these distinct talar features remain contentious, fueling debate around the adaptive meaning of this distinctiveness. With the aim of clarifying this controversy, we test phylogenetic and behavioral factors as possible contributors, comparing tali of 10 Neanderthals and 81 H.