"The students keep me hopeful": Teacher hope during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study examined teacher enactment of hope, specifically willpower, waypower, and agency in the shadow of the COVID-19 glare. Participants of this mixed methods study were K-12 public school classroom teachers (n = 233) in a Western US state. Quantitative survey results indicated teachers maintained moderate to high levels of hope.

Elderly Female Rhesus Macaques Preserve Lung Alveoli With Estrogen/Progesterone Therapy.

The aging lung is associated with increased susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where females have been reported to be more susceptible than males. The changes in reproductive hormones due to aging may directly or indirectly affect lung structure and function and little is known on the mechanism of these changes. Twenty female rhesus macaques were divided into four groups.

Early life exposure to allergen and ozone results in altered development in adolescent rhesus macaque lungs.

In rhesus macaques, previous studies have shown that episodic exposure to allergen alone or combined with ozone inhalation during the first 6 months of life results in a condition with many of the hallmarks of asthma. This exposure regimen results in altered development of the distal airways and parenchyma (Avdalovic et al., 2012).

Growth of alveoli during postnatal development in humans based on stereological estimation.

Alveolarization in humans and nonhuman primates begins during prenatal development. Advances in stereological counting techniques allow accurate assessment of alveolar number; however, these techniques have not been applied to the developing human lung. Based on the recent American Thoracic Society guidelines for stereology, lungs from human autopsies, ages 2 mo to 15 yr, were fractionated and isometric uniform randomly sampled to count the number of alveoli.

Accelerated structural decrements in the aging female rhesus macaque lung compared with males.

Aging is associated with morphometric changes in the lung that lead to decreased lung function. The nonhuman primate lung has been shown to have similar architectural, morphological, and developmental patterns to that of humans. We hypothesized that the lungs of rhesus monkeys age in a pattern similar to human lungs.