[Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux at ear-nose-throat outpatient care unit and its insurance consequences].

Gastroesophageal reflux is a frequent, varied disease, which spoils the quality of life. It may be present in extraesophageal form, affecting larynx, pharynx, upper respiratory tracts, accessory cavities and middle ear. The mass of outpatients and the shortage of diagnostic capacities are justifying to make diagnosis based on symptoms, and to apply therapy introduced via medical tests.

[Cryosurgery of anorectal cancer and the freezing-induced changes].

Inoperable ano-rectal cancers were treated with cryo-surgery supplemented in suitable cases with brachy-radiotherapy. An account is given of the authors' clinical experience and of the morphological changes caused by cryotherapy at -130 degrees to -140 degrees C. In some cases treatment resulted in epithelisation of the tumourous ulcer and in a more than two-year survival of patients in the 70 to 80 age group.

Some urgent problems in the treatment of operable breast cancer.

The results of 1216 radical mastectomies and 297 conservative surgical interventions performed on 1513 operable mammary carcinoma patients between 1950 and 1962 are analysed on the basis of the 10 years survival rate. It appears that early diagnosis and early operation will give the best result. The bioloical activity of the tumour is the most decisive additional factor.