Comparative bioacoustics of multiple eastern versus western songbird pairs in North America reveals a gradient of song divergence.

Vocalizations are one of the key premating reproductive barriers that could affect species formation. In song-learning birds, vocal traits are sometimes overlooked in species delimitation, as compared to morphological or plumage-based differences. In this study, we assessed geographic variation in songs of eight pairs of oscines on two scales: (1) comparing primary songs of species/subspecies pairs whose breeding grounds are eastern and western counterparts of each other in the continental North America, and (2) for each counterpart, identifying and comparing possible variation among their populations.

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment option for persistent clitoral priapism: a case report.

Introduction: Clitoral priapism is persistent clitoral engorgement without sexual stimulation. Presentation is sparse, and therefore limited treatment options have been investigated.

Aim: We present a case report of a 34-year-old female presenting with persistent nonischemic clitoral priapism 5 years after aggressive clitoral stimulation.

A Novel Isolation Approach for GaN-Based Power Integrated Devices.

This paper introduces a novel technology for the monolithic integration of GaN-based vertical and lateral devices. This approach is groundbreaking as it facilitates the drive of high-power GaN vertical switching devices through lateral GaN HEMTs with minimal losses and enhanced stability. A significant challenge in this technology is ensuring electrical isolation between the two types of devices.

Incidentally detected pancreatic duct dilatation on ultrasound and role of MRI.

Objective: The clinical significance of incidentally detected pancreatic duct (PD) dilatation at ultrasound (US) without a visualized underlying cause is unclear. We aimed to assess the role of subsequent MRI (including MRCP) and to identify US imaging and laboratory findings predictive of underlying pancreaticobiliary malignancy at the time of initial US.

Materials And Methods: Patients with incidentally detected PD dilatation at ultrasound from 2011 to 2019 that had an ensuing MRI were included.

Response of bacterial communities and soil chemistry to flood durations and recovery phases.

Flooding profoundly impacts soil bacterial communities; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated how flooding (3, 8, and 16 days) and post-flooding (immediately and 2, 5, and 30 days) durations affect soil physicochemical properties, bacterial communities, and their interactions-crucial factors in floodplain nutrient and carbon cycling. The results showed that bacteria constituted 99.