Aspen recovery in northern Yellowstone: A comment on Brice et al. (2021).

Aspen sapling recruitment increased as browsing by elk decreased, following the 1995-96 reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park. We address claims by Brice et al. (2021) that previous studies exaggerated recent aspen recovery.

Bison alter the northern Yellowstone ecosystem by breaking aspen saplings.

The American bison () is a species that strongly interacts with its environment, yet the effects of this large herbivore on quaking aspen () have received little study. We documented bison breaking the stems of aspen saplings (young aspen >2 m tall and ≤5 cm in diameter at breast height) and examined the extent of this effect in northern Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Low densities of Rocky Mountain elk () after about 2004 created conditions conducive for new aspen recruitment in YNP's northern ungulate winter range (northern range).

Risk Management-Obstetrics and Gynecology Perspective.

The Obstetrics and Gynecology physician's likelihood to experience medical malpractice claims are higher than in other medical specialties. We will review the basic principles of health care risk management, the role of the risk manager, and the importance of health care risk management in risk mitigation for obstetrics and gynecology physicians. Attention is focused on medical record documentation, disclosure of adverse events, second victim programs, grievance management techniques, alternative dispute resolution concepts, regulatory inquiries including state licensure investigations, product failures, and electronic media strategies.

Gender Bias in Risk Management Reports Involving Physicians in Training - A Retrospective Qualitative Study.

Objective: Gender bias, which contributes to burnout and attrition of female medical trainees, may manifest as disparate workplace evaluations. Here, we explore gender-based differences in perceived competence and professionalism as described in an institutional electronic risk management reporting system.

Design: In this retrospective qualitative study, recurring themes were identified from anonymous entries reported to an electronic institutional risk management database from July 2014 to July 2015, and from July 2019 to July 2020 using inductive methods.

The Art of Discharge Planning: Teaching Nursing Students to Address Disparities Through Simulation.

: Discharge planning is crucial to ensuring that patients' care and recovery needs are addressed. A new nurse graduate must be prepared to enter a clinical practice environment in which hospitals face penalties for patient readmissions. : Student nurses were assigned simulated patients with a variety of health disparities and health-care diagnoses to address.