The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: Risk of Malignancy in Pediatric Thyroid Nodules.

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are infrequent findings in children, though malignancy rates are higher in this population. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) standardizes the reporting of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens and has become a global reference for assessing the risk of malignancy (ROM) of thyroid nodules. The 2023 update includes pediatric-specific risk predictions and management recommendations.

Persistent Symptoms (Lasting Longer than 1 Year) in Children Hospitalized with Acute COVID-19 Versus Other Conditions.

We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of persistent signs and/or symptoms in children and young people (CYP) one year after hospitalization for acute COVID-19 compared with a control group of CYP hospitalized for other conditions. We conducted an observational study in three hospitals in Madrid, which included a group of children aged between 1 month and 18 years who were hospitalized due to acute COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2021. We also selected a comparison group of patients hospitalized for other, unrelated conditions within the same month.

Case report of visual quality in a patient with nephronophthisis 12- associated retinopathy secondary to TTC21B mutation.

Introduction: Nephronophthisis 12 is a rare condition and only two cases have been reported to associate with retinopathy. Herein we present the third case in scientific literature, and the first with vision-quality exams.

Clinical Case: The case was a 28-year-old male with the mutations c.

Multi-loaded PLGA microspheres as neuroretinal therapy in a chronic glaucoma animal model.

This work focused on the co-encapsulation and simultaneous co-delivery of three different neuroprotective drugs in PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for the treatment of glaucoma. For formulation optimization, dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory) and ursodeoxycholic acid (anti-apoptotic) were co-loaded by the solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion solvent extraction-evaporation technique as a first step. The incorporation of a water-soluble co-solvent (ethanol) and different amounts of dexamethasone resulted critical for the encapsulation of the neuroprotective agents and their initial release.