Surgical outcomes following nerve transfers in upper brachial plexus injuries.

Background: Brachial plexus injuries represent devastating injuries with a poor prognosis. Neurolysis, nerve repair, nerve grafts, nerve transfer, functioning free-muscle transfer and pedicle muscle transfer are the main surgical procedures for treating these injuries. Among these, nerve transfer or neurotization is mainly indicated in root avulsion injury.

Management strategy for facial arteriovenous malformations.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon errors of vascular morphogenesis; haemodynamically, they are high-flow lesions. Approximately 50% of AVMs are located in the craniofacial region. Subtotal excision or proximal ligation of the feeding vessel frequently results in rapid progression of the AVMs.

Management of Soft Tissue Defects of the Ankle and Foot.

Background: Treatment of soft tissue defect of ankle and foot has always been a challenging problem.

Methods: Thirty patients with soft tissue defects of the ankle and foot who underwent various reconstructive procedures in two tertiary care teaching hospitals were studied.

Results: Most of the defects (33%) were located in and around the ankle.