Adjunctive aids for the detection of oral premalignancy.

Early detection of cancer greatly decreases the morbidity and mortality rates and thereby increases the 5-year survival rates. In developing countries like India where the disease is highly prevalent focus is mainly on decreasing the mortality rates which can be easily achieved by detection at an asymptomatic stage. Visual examination has been the standard screening method for screening oral cancer through several decades, and it is well known that conventional visual examination is limited to subjective interpretation and cannot be easily achieved in certain anatomical sites.

A rare presentation of a simple bone cyst.

Simple bone cyst is an oft-described entity, which goes by many sobriquets and has been presented in the literature as early as 1926. It is a lesion of unclear etiology with many proposed hypothesis for its pathogenesis and nonspecific histopathological presentation. We present a case of a solitary bone cyst, which clinically presented as a solitary lesion, but radiological examination revealed multiple lesions peppering the maxilla and the mandible, thereby highlighting the importance of atypical presentation and "surprise" lesions that may show up on radiological examination.

Secondary resources and recycling in developing economies.

Recycling of metals extends the efficient use of minerals and metals, reduces pressure on environment and results in major energy savings in comparison to primary production. In developing economies recycling had been an integral part of industrial activity and has become a major concern due to the handling of potentially hazardous material without any regard to the occupational health and safety (OH&S) needs. With rising awareness and interest from policy makers, the recycling scenario is changing and the large scale enterprises are entering the recycling sector.

A study of the sources of external metal contamination of hair.

Sources of external metal contamination of hair were examined experimentally by exposing hair samples to soil, hot water from a water boiler for domestic use and household dust and fumes in a kitchen. Copper concentration in the hair increased markedly only when the hair was exposed to hot water from the boiler. Iron concentration in the hair increased markedly after exposure to wet soil, and increased slightly after exposure to hot water from the boiler.

Methods of removing external metal contamination from hair samples for environmental monitoring.

Human exposure to trace elements has become a major environmental issue with the growing industrialization and urbanization around the world. Hair samples are the most conveniently obtainable biopsy material and they have been identified as good indicators of the metal pollution in an environment. For their effective use, however, it is necessary to exclude the effect of external contamination of the hair surface by metals.