[Multiple myeloma: evaluation of invasiveness by magnetic resonance imaging].

The paper presents a case history of multiple myeloma in a female patient. Its diagnosis was established only 10 years after the onset of the disease, which results in severe invalidity (she was treated with calcium preparations in accordance with the diagnosis of generalized osteoporosis. Persistent therapy with calcium preparations was ineffective; the number of pathological fractures increased.

Global changes in gene expression and synergistic interactions induced by TLR9 and TLR3.

The innate immune system is triggered when pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed by infectious microorganisms interact with toll-like receptors (TLR) present on immune cells. Individual TLRs signal through distinct molecular pathways. For example, TLR9 interacts with unmethylated CpG motifs expressed by bacterial DNA and triggers via a MyD88 dependent pathway whereas TLR3 recognizes viral RNA through a MyD88-independent pathway.

Contribution of IRF-3 mediated IFNbeta production to DNA vaccine dependent cellular immune responses.

The mechanism(s) by which DNA vaccines activate Ag-specific cellular immune responses is incompletely understood. Current findings indicate that IRF-3 plays an important role in this process. The IRF-3 dependent signaling pathway is triggered by the presence of intracytoplasmic DNA, and culminates in the production of type I IFNs.

Potential of transfected muscle cells to contribute to DNA vaccine immunogenicity.

The mechanism(s) by which DNA vaccines trigger the activation of Ag-specific T cells is incompletely understood. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments indicates plasmid transfection stimulates muscle cells to up-regulate expression of MHC class I and costimulatory molecules and to produce multiple cytokines and chemokines. Transfected muscle cells gain the ability to directly present Ag to CD8 T cells through an IFN-regulatory factor 3-dependent process.