Critical genes in genitourinary embryogenesis are related to the development of adult hydrocele.

Despite being a common urologic disorder with potentially complicated sequela, the genetic background of adult hydrocele has not previously been described. We performed a multi-population genome-wide association study of 363,460 men in the United Kingdom BioBank and FinnGen cohorts. We identified 6,548 adult men with hydrocele.

Resident Self-Efficacy in Grantsmanship Lags Behind Key Funding Deadlines.

Purpose: Extramural funding is critical to career success and advancement in academic surgery, and surgical residents can apply for both societal and federal funding. Many federal funding mechanisms require proposals to be submitted before residents' formal research years.

Methods: To better understand the resident experience with grantsmanship, we distributed a validated grantsmanship self-efficacy assessment inventory for voluntary completion at our academic general surgery training program with 2 years of dedicated research.

Multiancestry transferability of a polygenic risk score for diverticulitis.

Objective: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for diverticular disease must be evaluated in diverse cohorts. We sought to explore shared genetic predisposition across the phenome and to assess risk stratification in individuals genetically similar to European, African and Admixed-American reference samples.

Methods: A 44-variant PRS was applied to the Research Program.

Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs) Negatively Impact Growth and Gene Expression of Environmentally Relevant Bacteria in Conditions.

Rising global populations have amplified food scarcity and ushered in the development of genetically modified (GM) crops containing small interference RNAs (siRNAs) that control gene expression to overcome these challenges. The use of RNA interference (RNAi) in agriculture remains controversial due to uncertainty regarding the unintended release of genetic material and downstream nontarget effects, which have not been assessed in environmental bacteria to date. To evaluate the impacts of siRNAs used in agriculture on environmental bacteria, this study assessed microbial growth and viability as well as transcription activity with and without the presence of environmental stressors.