Bone mineral density and content of collegiate throwers: influence of maximum strength.

Aim: Bone changes in size and density in response to different levels of stress. Alterations to bone mineral density (BMD) appear to occur in a site specific manner. Even though BMD has been examined in many populations there is a paucity of data looking at strength-power athletes, such as throwers.

Multiple exposure to activity anorexia in rats: effects on eating, weight loss, and wheel running.

Animals were given five cycles of an activity anorexia (AA) procedure in order to determine the effect of additional experience on eating, running, and weight loss. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a 1h meal and allowed access to a running wheel for the remainder of each day. Upon reaching 75% of free-feeding body weight, each animal was denied wheel access and given ad libitum food until it regained the lost weight.

Ethanol consumption in rats when dose size is under subject control.

Rats orally self-administered ethanol when they could control dose size as follows: A lever press initiated a trial; a press on 1 lever increased the previous trial duration by 30% whereas a press on a 2nd lever decreased the previous trial duration by 30%. During a trial, rats could drink either water, 8%, or 16% (wt/vol) ethanol (ETOH) from a lick-sensitive fountain. Mean per session intake of 8% and 16% ETOH was 0.

A novel paradigm to investigate regulation of drug intake in rats self-administering cocaine or heroin intravenously.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the regulation of drug intake in rats (n = 20) self-administering heroin or cocaine during daily 5-hr sessions. Operant chambers were equipped with 2 levers and associated stimulus lights. A response on the lever with stimuli signaling an increase in dose size increased the infusion duration by 3 s, and a response on the lever with stimuli signaling a decrease in dose size decreased the infusion duration by 3 s.

The relationships among saccharin consumption, oral ethanol, and i.v. cocaine self-administration.

The purpose of the present experiment was to replicate previously reported observations of a relationship between saccharin consumption and oral ethanol self-administration in rats using operant measures (2,8) and to determine whether saccharin intake was related to the rate of acquisition of IV cocaine self-administration. Groups of Wistar rats selected for high and low saccharin (0.1% wt/vol) intake were tested for rate of acquisition of IV cocaine (0.