'Piloting a framework for analysing the public contributions to R&D: new antibiotics in focus'.

Background: Within the context of increasing transparency around public contributions, a framework for reporting and analysing public contributions to research and development (R&D) was previously developed and is piloted here using the example of antibiotics. The aim of this work is to check whether the category system is feasible, to revise and adjust the granularity of the category system where necessary, and to expand the range of sources for detailed analyses.

Methods: All antimicrobial medicinal products in development, discontinued and approved in the last 10 years were identified in the literature.

Protocol for generating protein profiles and distance-based network analysis of murine tissue slices.

We introduce a protocol for spatial proteomics using thin cryotome sections of mouse skeletal muscle tissue. We describe steps for preparing muscle sections and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses to generate spatial protein profiles along the longitudinal skeletal muscle axis. We detail procedures for scanning longitudinal protein profiles and replacing missing data using a sliding window approach.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma during pregnancy. Case report.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma during pregnancy is extremely rare. Overall, including our case, only 19 cases confirmed antepartum have been reported to date. We report the case of a 37 year-old woman at 24 weeks of pregnancy in whom a pancreatic adenocarcinoma was identified during investigation of a suspected acute pancreatitis.

ECM Modifications Driven by Age and Metabolic Stress Directly Promote the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Osteogenic Processes.

Background: The ECM (extracellular matrix) provides the microenvironmental niche sensed by resident vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Aging and disease are associated with dramatic changes in ECM composition and properties; however, their impact on the VSMC phenotype remains poorly studied.

Methods: Here, we describe a novel in vitro model system that utilizes endogenous ECM to study how modifications associated with age and metabolic disease impact the VSMC phenotype.

HIF1α Plays a Crucial Role in the Development of TFE3-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma by Orchestrating a Metabolic Shift Toward Fatty Acid Synthesis.

Tumor development often requires cellular adaptation to a unique, high metabolic state; however, the molecular mechanisms that drive such metabolic changes in TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) remain poorly understood. TFE3-RCC, a rare subtype of RCC, is defined by the formation of chimeric proteins involving the transcription factor TFE3. In this study, we analyzed cell lines and genetically engineered mice, demonstrating that the expression of the chimeric protein PRCC-TFE3 induced a hypoxia-related signature by transcriptionally upregulating HIF1α and HIF2α.