The formation and mechanism of multimerization in a freeze-dried peptide.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a peptide with 25 amino acid residues (hANP 4-28) and one intra-chain disulfide bond. We used the size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), sodium dodecyl sulfate in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods to examine the freeze-dried products of ANP to determine the types, sizes, and amounts of the multimer formation in different stability protocols (by varying the conditions with lyophilization cycles, excipients, storage temperatures, and times). Under the non-annealing lyophilization cycle or lyophilization with high concentration of bulking agent (mannitol), multimer formation increased with increasing storage times.

D11, a novel monoclonal antibody specific for human mature macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes.

A new monoclonal antibody designated Mab D11 is described, which shows a restricted reactivity to cells of the monocyte/macrophage system. When tested by light and electron microscopic immunoperoxidase methods, Mab D11 specifically reacts with blood monocytes and stains resident macrophages in a wide variety of human tissues; it does not mark the macrophages of other species, i.e.

Human genome: proto-oncogenes and proretroviruses.

A brief review of the studies undertaken at the Laboratory for Molecular Bases of Oncogenesis (Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow) till middle of 1984 is presented. The human genome contains multiple dispersed nucleotide sequences related to the proto-oncogene mos and to proretroviral sequences in tight juxtaposition to each other. From sequencing appropriate cloned fragments of human DNA in phage and plasmid vectors it follows that one of these regions, NV-1, is a pseudogene of proto-mos with partial duplications and two Alu elements intervening its coding sequence, and the other, CL-1, seems to be also a mos-related gene with a deletion of the internal part of the structural gene.