Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
October 2024
Asthma in the elderly is being recognized as more severe, resistant to standard therapies, and having greater morbidity. Therefore, it comes important to understand the impact of aging-associated airway structure and function changes towards pathogenesis of asthma in the elderly. Here, airway smooth muscle plays important roles in airway hyperreactivity and structural remodeling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSupplemental O (hyperoxia) is a critical intervention for premature infants (<34 weeks) but consequently is associated with development of bronchial airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and asthma. Clinical practice shifted toward the use of moderate hyperoxia (<60% O), but risk for subsequent airway disease remains. In mouse models of moderate hyperoxia, neonatal mice have increased AHR with effects on airway smooth muscle (ASM), a cell type involved in airway tone, bronchodilation, and remodeling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: With the use of expert consensus a digital training tool was developed which proved useful when teaching radiographers how to interpret chest images. The training tool included A) a search strategy and B) an educational video programme to communicate the search strategies using eye tracking technology.
Methods: A multi-reader multi-case study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of a training tool and study day.
BMJ Glob Health
March 2024
This analysis describes the successes, challenges and opportunities to improve global vaccine safety surveillance as observed by the Vaccine Safety Working Group from its role as a platform of exchange for stakeholders responsible for monitoring the safety of vaccines distributed through the COVAX mechanism. Three key elements considered to be essential for ongoing and future pandemic preparedness for vaccine developers in their interaction with other members of the vaccine safety ecosystem are (1) the availability of infrastructure and capacity for active vaccine safety surveillance in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), including the advancement of concepts of safety surveillance and risk management to vaccine developers and manufacturers from LMICs; (2) more comprehensive mechanisms to ensure timely exchange of vaccine safety data and/or knowledge gaps between public health authorities and vaccine developers and manufacturers; and (3) further implementation of the concept of regulatory reliance in pharmacovigilance. These aims would both conserve valuable resources and allow for more equitable access to vaccine safety information and for benefit/risk decision-making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
January 2024
Supplemental O remains a necessary intervention for many premature infants (<34 wk gestation). Even moderate hyperoxia (<60% O) poses a risk for subsequent airway disease, thereby predisposing premature infants to pediatric asthma involving chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling, and airflow obstruction. Moderate hyperoxia promotes AHR via effects on airway smooth muscle (ASM), a cell type that also contributes to impaired bronchodilation and remodeling (proliferation, altered extracellular matrix).
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