Publications by authors named "L Naini"
Background: Tuberculosis infection (TBI) and TB disease (TBD) incidence remains poorly described following household contact (HHC) rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB exposure. We sought to characterize TBI and TBD incidence at 1 year in HHCs and to evaluate TB preventive treatment (TPT) use in high-risk groups.
Methods: We previously conducted a cross-sectional study of HHCs with rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB in 8 high-burden countries and reassessed TBI (interferon-gamma release assay, HHCs aged ≥5 years) and TBD (HHCs all ages) at 1 year.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates factors linked to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease among household contacts (HHCs) of patients with drug-resistant TB in high-burden countries.
- A total of 712 HHCs were analyzed, revealing that 68.8% tested positive for tuberculosis infection, especially among younger adults, those with past TB treatment, and high-risk behaviors like substance use.
- Only 6.5% of HHCs were found to have active TB disease, with higher rates observed in older adults and those who smoke or consume alcohol heavily.
Pediatric household contacts (HHCs) of patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) are at high risk of infection and active disease. Evidence of caregiver willingness to give MDR-TB preventive therapy (TPT) to children is limited. This was a cross-sectional study of HHCs of patients with MDR-TB to assess caregiver willingness to give TPT to children aged <13 years.
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- Household contact investigations are crucial for identifying children who may have been exposed to rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and may benefit from preventive therapy.
- In a study of 303 child household contacts (HHCs), 57% tested positive for TB infection, with significant factors including smoking by the index case and the child's age and living situation.
- The findings highlight a high prevalence of TB infection and disease among children exposed to rifampin-resistant TB, indicating a need for improved access to preventive therapy for these vulnerable groups.*
Background: Some contacts of patients with tuberculosis remain negative on tests for tuberculosis infection, despite prolonged exposure, suggesting they might be resistant to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The objective of this multinational study was to estimate the proportion of household contacts resistant to M. tuberculosis (resisters).
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