Basic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound.

An increasing number of indications are emerging for point-of-care ultrasound to diagnose and treat musculoskeletal complaints. Low cost, dynamic imaging, immediate results, and added advantage of portability have made ultrasound an important imaging modality in urgent care, emergency department (ED), and other musculoskeletal care clinics. This article reviews the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound to help evaluate articular and periarticular structures to evaluate for mechanical injuries and inflammatory arthritis.

Approach to Evaluating Superficial Soft Tissue Masses by Ultrasound.

The purpose of this article is to give a systematic approach to the ultrasound evaluation of superficial soft-tissue masses. The knowledge of proper technique in image acquisition, the characteristic sonographic appearances of the most common masses, their potential pitfalls, and the location of the lesions can help establish a confident diagnosis. Where the sonographic features of the masses are inconclusive, a percutaneous biopsy is effective in establishing the definitive diagnosis.

Physical Examination Versus Ultrasonography for Detection of Ulnar Nerve Subluxation in Professional Baseball Pitchers.

Background: Despite the importance of accurately detecting ulnar nerve subluxation in vulnerable athletes, few studies have compared the performance of physical examination and ultrasound in this population.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic validity of physical examination versus ultrasound in detecting ulnar nerve subluxation at the cubital tunnel of the elbow in professional baseball pitchers. It was hypothesized that ultrasound would more sensitively detect ulnar nerve subluxation.

Skin lipids alone enable conspecific tracking in an invasive reptile, the Argentine black and white tegu lizard (Salvator merianae).

Locating potential mates in non-native habitats is one of the most important challenges faced by invasive vertebrate species. The Argentine black and white tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) is a major invasive reptile species in the contiguous United States and is rapidly expanding its range across Florida and the Southeast, in part due to inadequate management strategies and tools. Because a wide array of reptiles, especially squamates (snakes and lizards), have been well-studied for their reliance on chemical cues to locate conspecifics, our project aimed to isolate chemical cues from tegus and assess the ability of adult males and females to use only these cues to make navigation decisions within a Y-maze.

Prevalence of bilateral ulnar nerve subluxation among professional baseball pitchers.

Background: Radiographic and physical examination findings of ulnar nerve instability have been recognized in overhead throwing athletes, despite the fact that some of these abnormalities may be asymptomatic and represent adaptive changes. While recommendations for screening and early detection have been made that can adversely impact an athletes' career, the presence of bilateral ulnar nerve subluxation and its relationship with medial elbow symptoms has not been characterized in professional overhead throwing athletes.

Purpose: To characterize the prevalence of bilateral ulnar nerve subluxation among professional baseball pitchers.