Effect of rhythm and level of distraction on muscle structure: an animal study.

To determine the optimal rhythm of distraction and level of osteotomy for maximal muscle preservation during limb lengthening, histologic and ultrastructural analysis of the peroneus tertius muscle was performed in 46 goats. Thirty-nine animals with 20% or 30% tibial lengthening at the rate of 0.75 mm per day at each osteotomy level were divided in two groups.

[Regenerative myogenesis of the leg muscles during experimental lengthening].

Regenerative myogenesis of an extremity regenerating by bilocal distraction osteosynthesis according to Ilizarov has been studied by light end electron microscopy. During the osteosynthesis, the action of the factor of mechanical tension is observed. Muscles elongate because myogenic cells incorporate into muscular fibers in the area of their attachment to dense connective tissues.

[Changes in neural conductors and their end organs in the muscles and skin after major procedures of one-stage lengthening of the extremity by the G.A. Ilizarov method].

The state of the tibial nerve, intramuscular nervous fasciculi and terminals in muscles and skin has been studied in the canine extremities at large one-stage elongations after G. A. Ilizarov.

[Characteristics of myohistogenesis during experimental mono- and bilocal distraction osteosynthesis].

Regularities of the skeletal muscle tissue histogenesis have been studied in the canine shin at its elongation by 50% of its initial length by means of the mono- and bilocal distractive osteosynthesis after Ilizarov. Using light and electron microscopy, it has been stated that under conditions of monolocal distractive osteosynthesis, when the strain effort acts in the area of the muscle belly, together with elongation dystrophic and necrotic changes, proliferation of the intermuscular connective tissue and atrophy of myons increase. In a half of a year, after cessation of distraction there is no complete restoration of the skeletal muscle tissue structure.