CRISPR-gene-engineered CYBB knock-out PLB-985 cells, a useful model to study functional impact of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease mutations: application to the G412E X91+-CGD mutation.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immune disorder caused by mutations in one of the five subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex expressed in phagocytes. Two-thirds of CGD cases are caused by mutations in CYBB that encodes NOX2 or gp91phox. Some rare X91+-CGD point mutations lead to a loss of function but with a normal expression of the mutated NOX2 protein.

Aliens in caves: the global dimension of biological invasions in subterranean ecosystems.

Alien species are a significant threat to natural ecosystems and human economies. Despite global efforts to address this challenge, the documented number of alien species is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, the magnitude of the impact of alien species may vary significantly across habitats.

Knowledge and perceptions of invasive plant biocontrol in Europe versus the rest of the world.

Biological control (BC) of invasive alien plants (IAP) can be an effective environmental management approach. It has only very recently been adopted in Europe and is underutilized compared to other continents where this method has been successfully implemented for over a century. This is in sharp contrast to the BC of invertebrate pests, which has been taken up widely within Europe.

The economic costs, management and regulation of biological invasions in the Nordic countries.

A collective understanding of economic impacts and in particular of monetary costs of biological invasions is lacking for the Nordic region. This paper synthesizes findings from the literature on costs of invasions in the Nordic countries together with expert elicitation. The analysis of cost data has been made possible through the InvaCost database, a globally open repository of monetary costs that allows for the use of temporal, spatial, and taxonomic descriptors facilitating a better understanding of how costs are distributed.

Making Waves: Joining forces for better doctoral education in water research.

We argue that doctoral education in water needs an elevated focus towards educating game changers who can drive innovation and change towards more sustainable futures across academic and non-academic settings. Today's doctoral graduates in water are increasingly employed outside academia, and challenged to understand complex and interconnected systems, to integrate and synthesize information from different disciplines and to lead the way toward increasingly creative, resilient, robust, and socially sustainable solutions. Supervisors are challenged by interdisciplinary research topics and by growing diversity of objectives, too often at the cost of their wellbeing.