Avian influenza annual report 2023.

All European Union (EU) Member States (MSs), along with Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland), conduct surveillance for avian influenza (AI) in poultry and wild birds. EFSA, upon mandate of the European Commission, compiles and analyses this data in an annual report. This summary highlights findings from the 2023 surveillance activities.

The effects of ultra-selective beta1-antagonism on the metabolic and cytokine profile in septic shock patients receiving noradrenaline: a sub-investigation from the STRESS-L Randomised Study.

Purpose: The landiolol and organ failure in patients with septic shock (STRESS-L study) included a pre-planned sub-study to assess the effect of landiolol treatment on inflammatory and metabolomic markers.

Methods: Samples collected from 91 patients randomised to STRESS-L were profiled for immune and metabolomic markers. A panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured through commercially acquired multiplex Luminex assays and statistically analysed by individual and cluster-level analysis (patient).

Compounds Containing 2,3-Bis(phenylamino) Quinoxaline Exhibit Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Their Biofilms.

Antimicrobial resistance remains a global issue, hindering the control of bacterial infections. This study examined the antimicrobial properties of 2,3-N,N-diphenyl quinoxaline derivatives against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Mycobacterium species. Two quinoxaline derivatives (compounds 25 and 31) exhibited significant activity against most strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis tested, with MIC values ranging from 0.

Risk and protective factors for ASF in domestic pigs and wild boar in the EU, and mitigation measures for managing the disease in wild boar.

Five epidemiological aspects of ASF were evaluated using literature reviews, field studies, questionnaires and mathematical models. First, a literature review and a case-control study in commercial pig farms emphasised the importance of biosecurity and farming practices, including the spread of manure around farms and the use of bedding material as risk factors, while the use of insect nets was a protective factor. Second, although wild boar density is a relevant known factor, the statistical and mechanistic models did not show a clear and consistent effect of wild boar density on ASF epidemiology in the selected scenarios.

Integrating dynamic high-throughput phenotyping and genetic analysis to monitor growth variation in foxtail millet.

Background: Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv] is a C graminoid crop cultivated mainly in the arid and semiarid regions of China for more than 7000 years. Its grain highly nutritious and is rich in starch, protein, essential vitamins such as carotenoids, folate, and minerals.