Sacral neuromodulation in patients with congenital faecal incontinence. Special issues and review of the literature.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) as a treatment for congenital faecal incontinence (FI).

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with congenital FI who had SNM surgery at our institution between October 2005 and June 2013. An initial percutaneous nerve evaluation was performed, and patients with an improvement of more than 50% in their symptoms had permanently implants for SNM treatment.