Population Structure Shapes Copy Number Variation in Malaria Parasites.

If copy number variants (CNVs) are predominantly deleterious, we would expect them to be more efficiently purged from populations with a large effective population size (Ne) than from populations with a small Ne. Malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) provide an excellent organism to examine this prediction, because this protozoan shows a broad spectrum of population structures within a single species, with large, stable, outbred populations in Africa, small unstable inbred populations in South America and with intermediate population characteristics in South East Asia. We characterized 122 single-clone parasites, without prior laboratory culture, from malaria-infected patients in seven countries in Africa, South East Asia and South America using a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism/CNV microarray.

Five new alkaloids from the leaves of Remijia peruviana.

Three new indolylquinuclidine-type alkaloids, remijinine (1), epiremijinine (2), and 5-acetyl-apocinchonamine (3), and two new cinchonine-derived alkaloids, N-acetyl-deoxycinchonicinol (4) and N-acetyl-cinchonicinol (5), as well as the known alkaloids quinamine, conquinamine, cinchonine, and quinidine were isolated from the leaves of Remijia peruviana. The structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments (COSY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC). The relative configuration at C-7 for remijinine (1) and, in consequence, for epiremijinine (2) was established by X-ray crystal structure analysis of the former.

Recurrent malignant chondroid syringoma of the foot: a case report and review of the literature.

Malignant chondroid syringoma, or mixed tumor of the skin, salivary gland type, is an uncommon neoplasm believed to originate in sweat glands. This neoplasm occurs mostly in women and is typically seen in the extremities and torso. A case of recurrent malignant chondroid syringoma of the right foot in a man aged 34 years is described with a review of pertinent literature.

Ossified intratesticular mucinous tumor.

We report a case of an ossified primary intratesticular mucinous tumor in a 69-year-old man, which was discovered incidentally during a consultation for erectile dysfunction. The 7.5 x 4.