Participatory design of a social enterprise for rehabilitees.

Background: Social enterprises are often seen as a source of new and innovative solutions to persistent societal problems and a means for better inclusion of employees and customers. Because social enterprises combine business logic and social goals, they have vast potential to renew business and social life; therefore, it is vital to understand how their creation can be initiated and supported.

Objective: This study provides an overview of the participatory design process for a new social enterprise as it appears in practice.

Matrix metalloproteinase-7, -8, -9, -25, and -26 and CD43, -45, and -68 cell-markers in HIV-infected patients' saliva and gingival tissue.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) process the extracellular matrix and act in tissue remodelling in many physiological and pathological conditions. Certain MMPs can also exert protective anti-inflammatory properties. The levels and expression of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in saliva and gingival tissues of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV+) patients are unclear.

Gelatinase B [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9] and collagenases (MMP-8/-13) are upregulated in cerebrospinal fluid during aseptic and bacterial meningitis in children.

We investigated the protein expression of gelatinases [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9] and collagenases (MMP-8 and -13) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with bacterial (BM, n = 17) and aseptic (AM, n = 14) meningitis. In both, MMP-8 and -9 were increased in 100% of patients, whereas MMP-13 was detectable in 53% and 82% respectively. Three patients with clinical signs of meningitis, without CSF pleocytosis, scored positive for all three MMPs.

Laminin-5 gamma2-chain and collagenase-2 (MMP-8) in human peri-implant sulcular fluid.

Laminin-5 (LN-5) is an important epithelial cell-derived structural and adhesive component in hemidesmosomes and basement membranes (BM). In peri-implant tissue, gingival BM underlies the junctional epithelium (JE) and reflects the peri-implant health. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8 or collagenase-2) is one of the key mediators of periodontal tissue destruction.

Salivary albumin, total protein, IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations and occurrence of some periodontopathogens in HIV-infected patients: a 2-year follow-up study.

HIV infection reduces oral defensive mechanisms and may affect mucosal integrity. Differences in salivary protein concentrations and periodontopathogenic bacteria were studied in 56 HIV-infected patients with respect to their disease phase. Thirty-three patients were followed up for 2 years.