MAIT cell plasticity enables functional adaptation that drives antibacterial immune protection.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are known for their rapid effector functions and antibacterial immune protection. Here, we define the plasticity of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing MAIT1 and interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-producing MAIT17 cell subsets in vivo. Whereas T-bet MAIT1 cells remained stable in all experimental settings, after adoptive transfer or acute or infection, RORγt MAIT17 cells could undergo phenotypic and functional conversion into both RORγtT-bet MAIT1/17 and RORγtT-bet MAIT1 cells.

MR1 presents vitamin B6-related compounds for recognition by MR1-reactive T cells.

The major histocompatibility complex class I related protein (MR1) presents microbially derived vitamin B2 precursors to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MR1 can also present other metabolites to activate MR1-restricted T cells expressing more diverse T cell receptors (TCRs), some with anti-tumor reactivity. However, knowledge of the range of the antigen(s) that can activate diverse MR1-reactive T cells remains incomplete.

The effect of a minor health shock on labor market outcomes: The case of concussions.

The literature on health shocks finds that minor injuries have only short-term labor market impacts. However, mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs, commonly referred to as concussions) may be different as the medical literature highlights that they can have longer-term health and cognitive effects. Moreover, TBIs are one of the most common causes of disability globally, with the vast majority being mild.

Experiences of and treatment preferences for insomnia in autistic adults: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Insomnia and insomnia symptoms are frequent experiences of autistic people resulting in pronounced daytime effects and poor quality of life. This study employed an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis approach to explore lived experiences of autistic adults with insomnia, perspectives on current available interventions and future treatment preferences. Twelve participants (aged 21-48 years old) were interviewed following screening for insomnia, using the Sleep Condition Indicator (scores ranged from 1 to 12; cut off >16).

In vitro activity of olorofim against 507 filamentous fungi including antifungal drug-resistant strains at a tertiary laboratory in Australia: 2020-2023.

Background: New antifungal agents are required to mitigate against azole-resistant Aspergillus and drug-resistant non-Aspergillus moulds. The novel orotomide, olorofim (F2G, Manchester, UK), has potent fungicidal activity against Aspergillus including azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, Lomentospora prolificans and Scedosporium spp. Development of olorofim-specific clinical breakpoints/epidemiological cut-off values requires reliable MIC data.