Publications by authors named "L Markowitz"
In addition to oropharyngeal cancers, evidence suggests there may be an etiologic role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in some other head and neck cancers arising from the oral cavity and larynx. We estimated the burden of HPV16-attributable cancers of the oral cavity (ICD-O-3 site codes C02.0-C02.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study investigates the cost-effectiveness of expanding HPV vaccination to U.S. adults aged 27-45, particularly those at higher risk for HPV-related diseases, by modeling the potential outcomes over a 100-year timeframe.
- - It found that vaccinating mid-adults generally costs more per life year gained compared to vaccinating younger individuals, with varying costs and effectiveness depending on risk factors like number of sexual partners and recent relationship status.
- - The most efficient strategy identified was vaccinating women who have recently separated and have many lifetime partners, offering a lower cost per quality-adjusted life-year and fewer individuals needed to vaccinate to prevent one cancer case.
Honey bees and other pollinators face threats from pesticides, imperfect nutrition, and a diverse set of parasites and pathogens. Honey bees are also a research model for development, social behavior, microbiology, and aging. Tackling these questions requires a mix of in-hive and controlled laboratory experiments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPopulation-level impact of switching to 1-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in high-income countries: examining uncertainties using mathematical modeling.
J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr
November 2024
Background: A concern in high-income countries is that switching to 1-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination could cause a rebound in HPV infection and cervical cancer if 1-dose efficacy or duration were inferior to 2 doses. Using mathematical modeling and up-to-date trial-based data, we projected the population-level effectiveness of switching from 2-dose to 1-dose vaccination under different vaccine efficacy and duration assumptions in high-income countries.
Methods: We used HPV-ADVISE (Agent-based Dynamic model for VaccInation and Screening Evaluation), a transmission-dynamic model of HPV infection and cervical cancer, varying key model assumptions to identify those with the greatest impact on projections of HPV-16 and cervical cancer incidence over time: 1) 1-dose vaccine efficacy and vaccine duration, 2) mechanisms of vaccine efficacy and duration over time, 3) midadult (>30 years of age) sexual behavior, 4) progression to cervical cancer among midadults, and 5) vaccination coverage and programs.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted in Thailand to compare the effectiveness of single-dose versus two-dose regimens of the HPV vaccine among 13-14 year old schoolgirls.
- The researchers assessed HPV prevalence among unvaccinated schoolgirls and compared it to vaccinated girls over a period of four years.
- Results showed a significant reduction in HPV prevalence among vaccinated girls, highlighting the potential effectiveness of a single-dose regimen.