UV light exposure versus vitamin D supplementation: A comparison of health benefits and vitamin D metabolism in a pig model.

There is limited data on the effect of UV light exposure versus orally ingested vitamin D on vitamin D metabolism and health. A 4-week study with 16 pigs (as a model for human physiology) was conducted. The pigs were either supplemented with 20 µg/d vitamin D or exposed to UV light for 19 min/d to standardize plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with altered tryptophan metabolism and dysregulated inflammatory response in COVID-19.

The clinical course of COVID-19 is variable and often unpredictable. To test the hypothesis that disease progression and inflammatory responses associate with alterations in the microbiome and metabolome, we analyzed metagenome, metabolome, cytokine, and transcriptome profiles of repeated samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls, and leveraged clinical information and post-hoc confounder analysis. Severe COVID-19 was associated with a depletion of beneficial intestinal microbes, whereas oropharyngeal microbiota disturbance was mainly linked to antibiotic use.

Shared and Distinct Gut Microbiota in Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Crohn's Disease.

Objective: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of immune-mediated diseases highly concomitant with nonmusculoskeletal inflammatory disorders, such as acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and Crohn's disease (CD). The gut microbiome represents a promising avenue to elucidate shared and distinct underlying pathophysiology.

Methods: We performed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing on stool samples of 277 patients (72 CD, 103 AAU, and 102 SpA) included in the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort and 62 back pain controls without any inflammatory disorder.