Retrospective evaluation of treatment time and efficiency of a predictable cantilever system for orthodontic extrusion of impacted maxillary canines.

Introduction: Orthodontic extrusion of impacted maxillary canines requires careful biomechanical planning and the use of physiologic force. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time needed for orthodontic extrusion of impactions of different severities, using a device that can predictably apply forces under 0.6 N.

Expansion of permanent first molars with rapid maxillary expansion appliance anchored on primary second molars.

Background: To evaluate how the amount of expansion of the primary second molars, the patient's age, and the skeletal maturation stage influence the amount of expansion at the level of the permanent first molars.

Material And Methods: Fifty-five patients aged between 6 and 11 years with a cervical vertebral maturation stage of CS1 or CS2 were retrospectively selected. The intermolar width was measured before and after expansion to evaluate the amount of expansion achieved at the level of the primary second molars and the permanent first molars.

Many factors can affect the prevalence of hypertension in obese patients: role of cuff size and type of obesity.

Objective: To determine to what extent methodological errors, including measurements taken with inappropriate cuffs and/or inaccuracies in patient enrollment, can contribute to overestimating the prevalence of hypertension in overweight or obese women.

Experimental Design: Randomized and comparative investigation in overweight or obese outpatient women of the Obesity Clinic, Internal Medicine Institute, Chieti University.

Patients: In 1,791 overweight or obese women, randomly selected and stratified by age (41-60 years), blood pressure (BP) was taken with casual measurement in the morning.

The prevalence of hypertension in gynaecoid and android obese women.

Until now the different epidemiological studies performed have yielded widely different results in terms of the prevalence of hypertension in obese patients. This is mainly due to methodological errors in blood pressure (BP) measurements, including such false positives as white-coat or cuff hypertension, and more recently, to the different distribution in the study population of obese subjects at risk of hypertension (android obesity type). In 803 obese outpatient women (body mass index range: 28-45) randomly selected and subdivided into younger and older groups, and into android and gynaecoid, the casual BP was measured in the morning with a large size cuff.

[What is the real prevalence of hypertension in obesity?].

Many confounding variables (age, sex, race, income level) may contribute to an incorrect estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in the obese population. Furthermore, as far as methodology is concerned, both casual morning BP measurement and, the use, in the obese patient, of inappropriate cuffs both also contribute significantly to the overestimation with the inclusion of false positives even in relevant percentages. Different types of obesity (android or gynoid; visceral or subcutaneous) should be considered when enrolling obese patients in prevalence studies being android or visceral obesity at a higher hypertensive risk.