Paper wasps: A model clade for social cognition.

Paper wasps are a highly intelligent group of socially flexible insects with complex lives and variation in social structures. They engage in sophisticated communication within their small societies using olfaction, vibration, and even visual signals of quality or individual identity in some species. Here we describe the social biology of paper wasps as well as the impressive visual and cognitive abilities seen in this group.

Carotid-Threatening Penetrating Oropharyngeal Trauma in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Penetrating oropharyngeal injury is a relatively common occurrence in pediatric patients; however, cases involving close proximity to critical vascular structures, such as the internal carotid artery (ICA), are exceedingly rare and pose significant risks. This case report describes a seven-year-old male who sustained penetrating oropharyngeal trauma with startling proximity to the ICA after being pushed into a locker with a pencil in his mouth. Initial evaluation showed the wooden pencil protruding from the soft palate without active bleeding.

A population code for spatial representation in the zebrafish telencephalon.

Spatial learning in teleost fish requires an intact telencephalon, a brain region that contains putative analogues to components of the mammalian limbic system (for example, hippocampus). However, cells fundamental to spatial cognition in mammals-for example, place cells (PCs)-have yet to be established in any fish species. In this study, using tracking microscopy to record brain-wide calcium activity in freely swimming larval zebrafish, we compute the spatial information content of each neuron across the brain.

Cochlear implantation in children with single-sided deafness under the age of 5 years: a review of current literature.

Purpose Of Review: Here we explore the current literature on cochlear implantation of pediatric patients under the age of 5 years with single-sided deafness (SSD).

Recent Findings: Single-sided deafness has been noted to cause developmental delays in speech, language, and cognition because of loss of binaural hearing. Currently, cochlear implantation is the only intervention capable of restoring binaural hearing for pediatric patients with SSD.