Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i): Mechanisms of resistance and where to find them.

CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have significantly impacted on the treatment of HR + HER2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (BC) when combined with endocrine therapy. Nonetheless, despite significant research efforts, the mechanisms of de novo and acquired resistance to CDK4/6i have not yet been fully elucidated, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of these process. Additionally, the importance of dissecting CDK4/6i resistance from endocrine resistance for personalized treatment is increasingly recognized.

Prospective study on Oncotype DX® assay to assess recurrence risk in early ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer patients with uncertain biological behavior by standard parameters and its impact on treatment recommendation: The POST trial.

Background: Data published in 2015 showed that patients with early breast cancer (EBC) and a low-risk (LR) Recurrence Score® (RS) result by the 21-gene Oncotype DX® assay ("the test") did not derive benefit from adding chemotherapy (CT) to endocrine therapy (HT), while those with a high-risk (HR) RS result did. However, the role of CT remained uncertain in patients with intermediate-risk (IR) cancers. We designed a study to assess the test's ability to categorize patients with EBC with uncertain biological behavior into the groups (LR and HR) for which the value of additional chemotherapy was defined.

Follow-up of early breast cancer in a public health system: A 2024 AIGOM consensus project.

Breast cancer stands as the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, including Italy. With the increasing number of survivors, many are enrolled in regular follow-up programs. However, adherence to recommendations from scientific societies (such as ASCO, ESMO, AIOM) for breast cancer follow-up management varies in daily clinical practice across different cancer centers, potentially resulting in unequal management and escalating costs.

Light Flux Density and Photoperiod Affect Growth and Secondary Metabolism in Fully Expanded Basil Plants.

Indoor production of basil ( L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod. To investigate the effects of different lighting on growth, chlorophyll content, and secondary metabolism, basil plants were grown from seedlings to fully expanded plants in microcosm devices under different light conditions: (a) white light at 250 and 380 μmol·m·s under 16/8 h light/dark and (b) white light at 380 μmol·m·s under 16/8 and 24/0 h light/dark.