Immunotherapy for High-Risk Neuroblastoma: Management of Side Effects and Complications.

Despite more intensive therapy, high-risk neuroblastoma continues to be a challenging disease to treat. Postconsolidation immunotherapy has been studied for many years and has proven to be effective in clinical trials. Immunotherapy has become the standard of care for patients with high-risk disease, and many institutions across the country are providing this therapy.

Osteogenesis imperfecta and bone marrow transplant.

The first attempted bone marrow transplant (BMT) dates back to 1896. In the following centuries, the medical community pioneered an ongoing progression of breakthroughs. In 1954 the first successful solid organ transplant, the kidney, was performed.

Ultrasonography of the male breast.

The male breast has been insufficiently explored in the medical literature, particularly that dealing with ultrasonography, although this topic is almost as vast and varied as that of the female breast. The purpose of this article is to provide a schematic review of the most frequent breast lesions encountered in males and their sonographic appearances. After a brief introduction on the anatomy of the male breast, the authors review the non-neoplastic (gynecomastia, pseudogynecomastia, cysts, inflammatory diseases, and Mondor disease) and neoplastic (benign and malignant) lesions encountered in this organ.

Carpal tunnel: Normal anatomy, anatomical variants and ultrasound technique.

The carpal tunnel is an osteofibrous canal situated in the volar wrist. The boundaries are the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum. In addition to the medial nerve, the carpal tunnel contains nine tendons: the flexor pollicis longus, the four flexor digitorum superficialis and the four flexor digitorum profundus.

US anatomy of the shoulder: Pictorial essay.

A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the shoulder is essential for the assessment of its condition. The purpose of this article is to provide a useful tool for the ultrasound (US) study of this joint. The shoulder girdle and upper arm are made up of a number of muscles and tendons: rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis), humeral biceps, deltoid and pectoral muscles, which can all be evaluated at US examination.