Emissions of HFC-23 do not reflect commitments made under the Kigali Amendment.

HFC-23 (trifluoromethane) is a potent greenhouse gas released to the atmosphere primarily as a by-product of HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) synthesis. Since 2020, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol has required Parties to destroy their HFC-23 emissions to the extent possible. Here, we present updated HFC-23 emissions estimated from atmospheric observations.

Validation of a novel simulated tendon model for core suture tendon repair.

Introduction: Simulation training can develop surgical procedural skills in a safe environment. Able to offer high-intensity exposure, simulation is increasingly important as working time for surgeons becomes more protected. Materials used in simulated tendon repair play a critical role in the fidelity and face validity of the model.

Increases in Global and East Asian Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF) Emissions Inferred from Atmospheric Observations.

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF) is a potent and long-lived greenhouse gas that is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductors, photovoltaic cells, and flat panel displays. Using atmospheric observations from eight monitoring stations from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and inverse modeling with a global 3-D atmospheric chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), we quantify global and regional NF emission from 2015 to 2021. We find that global emissions have grown from 1.

Substantial increase in perfluorocarbons CF (PFC-14) and CF (PFC-116) emissions in China.

The perfluorocarbons tetrafluoromethane (CF, PFC-14) and hexafluoroethane (CF, PFC-116) are potent greenhouse gases with near-permanent atmospheric lifetimes relative to human timescales and global warming potentials thousands of times that of CO. Using long-term atmospheric observations from a Chinese network and an inverse modeling approach (top-down method), we determined that CF emissions in China increased from 4.7 (4.

Rising Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, -CF) Emissions in China from 2011 to 2020 Inferred from Atmospheric Observations.

Global atmospheric emissions of perfluorocyclobutane (-CF, PFC-318), a potent greenhouse gas, have increased rapidly in recent years. Combining atmospheric observations made at nine Chinese sites with a Lagrangian dispersion model-based Bayesian inversion technique, we show that PFC-318 emissions in China grew by approximately 70% from 2011 to 2020, rising from 0.65 (0.