Hematological malignancies in Ukraine in post-Chernobyl era: sources of data and their preliminary analysis.

The major sources of the data on the hematological malignancies in the post-Chernobyl period in the regions of Ukraine differing by the levels of the residual contamination with radionuclides have been analyzed. According to the data collected from the primary hematological facilities in Ukraine in 2010-2017, the incidence of lymphoid neoplasms from mature B cells, acute myeloid leukemia, and multiple myeloma in the most contaminated regions was higher than in the less contaminated ones. For the first time, the relative contribution of the several specific types of leukemia in the total diagnosed hematological malignancies has been analyzed throughout 1997-2017 based on the in-house database compiled by the Reference Laboratory of RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Immunophenotypic features of leukemic stem cells and bulk of blasts in acute myeloid leukemia.

According to the modern concept, leukemic stem cells (LSC) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are distinct from the bulk of leukemic cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood of AML patients. Nevertheless, LSC are responsible for managing all the hierarchy of the bulk of leukemic blast populations. This mini-review provides brief information on the distinctive features of LSC and blast cells in cytologically recognized types of AML.

The interplay of CD150 and CD180 receptor pathways contribute to the pathobiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells by selective inhibition of Akt and MAPK signaling.

Cell surface expression of CD150 and CD180 receptors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associates with mutational IGHV status and favourable prognosis. Here we show a direct correlation between cell surface expression and colocalization of these receptors on CLL B cells. In the absence of CD150 and CD180 on the cell surface both receptors were expressed in the cytoplasm.

Myelodysplastic syndromes in Chernobyl clean-up workers.

The studies of the recent decades posed the question of the association between radiation exposure and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This association has been proved in secondary MDS originating upon exposure to chemotherapeutics and/or radiation therapy. The long-term study in Japanese atomic (A)-bomb survivors demonstrated the significant linear dose-response for MDS confirming the link between radiation exposure and this form of hematopoietic malignancies.

Overview on association of different types of leukemias with radiation exposure.

Exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with increasing risk of various types of hematological malignancies. The results of major studies on association of leukemias and radiation exposure of large populations in Japan and in Ukraine are analyzed. The patterns of different types of leukemia in 295 Chernobyl clean-up workers diagnosed according to the criteria of up-to-date World Health Organization classification within 10-25 years following Chernobyl catastrophe are summarized.