Essential Foundational Education Research Methods Articles for Graduate Medical Educators: A Delphi Study.

Graduate medical educators interested in designing and conducting education research may seek foundational general overview articles on education research methods. We aimed to identify the most useful foundational education research methods articles for medical educators. We identified candidate articles through a 2020 Ovid MEDLINE literature search augmented by the authors' personal files and by cross-checking references of included articles.

Impact of Using a Precompleted Consent Form for Procedural Sedation in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare elements discussed during the consent process for procedural sedation in the pediatric emergency department to documentation and parental recall before and after implementation of a standardized consent form.

Methods: This is a mixed-methods study combining retrospective electronic record review and cross-sectional surveys of providers and parents after consent for procedural sedation. Surveys were obtained before and after implementation of a precompleted consent form.

Consent, refusal of care, and shared decision-making for pediatric patients in emergency settings.

Involving patients or their surrogate decision-makers in their care is an important element of modern medical practice. General consent, informed consent, treatment refusal, and shared decision-making are concepts that are used regularly but can be more complex in pediatric emergency settings. This issue summarizes these concepts and provides case examples that may be encountered.

10,000 Good Catches: Increasing Safety Event Reporting In A Pediatric Health Care System.

Background: In 2014, Children's National Health System's executive leadership team challenged the organization to double the number of voluntary safety event reports submitted over a 3-year period; the intent was to increase reliability and promote our safety culture by hardwiring employee event reporting.

Methods: Following a Donabedian quality improvement framework of structure, process, and outcomes, a multidisciplinary team was formed and areas for improvement were identified. The multidisciplinary team focused on 3 major areas: the perceived ease of reporting (ie, how difficult is it to report an event?); the perceived safety of reporting (ie, will I get in trouble for reporting?); and the perceived impact of reporting (ie, does my report make a difference?) technology, making it safe to report, and how reporting makes a difference.

Influence of kinship and MHC class II genotype on visual traits in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio).

Kin recognition can drive kin selection and the evolution of social behaviour. In zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton 1822), kin recognition is based on olfactory and visual imprinting processes. If larvae are exposed to visual and chemical cues of kin at day 5 and 6 post fertilization they will recognize kin throughout life, while exposure to non-kin fails to trigger any recognition.