Safety, efficacy, and impact on gut microbial ecology of a subspecies LMG11588 supplementation in healthy term infants: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in the Philippines.

Introduction: subspecies infantis () may play a key role in infant gut development. This trial evaluated safety, tolerability, and efficacy of LMG11588 supplementation.

Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in the Philippines included healthy breastfed and/or formula-fed infants (14-21 days old) randomized for 8 weeks to a control group (CG;  = 77), or any of two experimental groups (EGs): low (Lo-EG; 1*10 CFU/day;  = 75) or high dose (Hi-EG; 1.

Emergence of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Concentration dependency of phenotypic and genotypic isoniazid-rifampicin resistance emergence was investigated to obtain a mechanistic understanding on how anti-mycobacterial drugs facilitate the emergence of bacterial populations that survive throughout treatment. Using static kill curve experiments, observing two evolution cycles, it was demonstrated that rifampicin resistance was the result of non-specific mechanisms and not associated with accumulation of drug resistance encoding SNPs. Whereas, part of isoniazid resistance could be accounted for by accumulation of specific SNPs, which was concentration dependent.

Atypical microbial keratitis.

Atypical microbial keratitis refers to corneal infections caused by micro-organisms not commonly encountered in clinical practice. Unlike infections caused by common bacteria, cases of atypical microbial keratitis are often associated with worse clinical outcomes and visual prognosis. This is due to the challenges in the identification of causative organisms with standard diagnostic techniques, resulting in delays in the initiation of appropriate therapies.

Carbapenemase-producing organism (CPO) colonisation at a district general hospital: universal screening may help reduce transmission.

Objective: Assess the potential of hospital-wide routine screening by determining the prevalence and incidence of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) isolated from rectal screens at Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals.

Methods: 3,553 samples were collected between 01/12/2018 and 31/08/2019: from adult critical care wards (universal screening - admission, discharge and weekly), from medical wards with risk-factor based screening according to the prevailing Public Health England (PHE) carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) screening guidelines, or on an ad hoc basis. Prevalence was defined as previously documented positive CPO colonisation, or new positive status, as a proportion of all eligible samples.

Application of the hollow fibre infection model (HFIM) in antimicrobial development: a systematic review and recommendations of reporting.

Objectives: This systematic review focuses on the use of the in vitro hollow fibre infection model (HFIM) for microbial culture. We summarize the direction of the field to date and propose best-practice principles for reporting of the applications.

Methods: Searches in six databases (MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, PubMed®, BIOSIS®, SCOPUS® and Cochrane®) up to January 2020 identified 129 studies meeting our inclusion criteria.