A method for measuring mitochondrial DNA copy number in pediatric populations.

The mitochondrion is a multifunctional organelle that modulates multiple systems critical for homeostasis during pathophysiological stress. Variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (mtDNAcn), a key mitochondrial change associated with chronic stress, is an emerging biomarker for disease pathology and progression. mtDNAcn can be quantified from whole blood samples using qPCR to determine the ratio of mtDNA to nuclear DNA.

The Prognostic Implications of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Olfactory Neuroblastoma.

Objective: Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy with comparatively positive prognosis and survival, but with a range of biological behaviors that can be difficult to prognosticate with current means of risk stratification. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been found across a diverse range of malignancies to be associated with poorer outcomes. This paper aims to elucidate the relationship of NLR with olfactory neuroblastoma to assess its prognostic value in this setting.

Cochlear Implant Outcomes in Patients With TMTC2 -Associated Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Auditory Neuropathy/Auditory Dys-Synchrony.

Objective: To investigate the outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with TMTC2 -associated sensorineural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy/auditory dys-synchrony.

Patients: Adult and pediatric cochlear implant (CI) patients followed in an academic center who tested positive for TMTC2 genetic variant rs35725509.

Intervention: Cochlear implantation.

Development of a novel self-assessment tool following endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: To propose a novel quality metric tool for retrospectively examining ESS performed on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, ultimately to facilitate clinician self-assessment and optimize care provision within this population.

Design: Quality improvement study.

Setting: Multi-center.

Uninterrupted use of continuous positive airway pressure after endoscopic endonasal approach for pituitary tumors.

Resumption of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the immediate postoperative period after endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) for pituitary adenomas can be safe.