Immunohistochemical Differentiation between Western and East Asian Types of CagA-Positive in Gastric Biopsy Samples.

Background: Cag A-positive isolated from human gastric mucosa is categorized as a Western or East Asian allele-type based on whether the gene encodes an EPIYA-C or EPIYA-D motif. We aimed to differentiate between the 2 types of by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastric biopsy samples.

Materials And Methods: We developed 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that detect either the EPIYA-C or EPIYA-D motif of the CagA protein by IHC using FFPE tissues.

Pre-malignant signs of gastric MALT lymphoma.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common type of extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which mostly involves the stomach. The clinical suspicion and diagnosis are often challenging because of the lack of specific symptoms and conventional endoscopic findings. Three magnifying endoscopic signs of the gastric mucosa have been described as highly specific to the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma, such as (i) tree-like appearance of the microvessels; (ii) non-structural area; and (iii) ballooning crypt pattern.

Potential of colonoscopy as a treatment for intussusception in children.

Background And Study Aims:  Invagination, which can occur in any part of the intestine, usually affects children and is the second most common cause of intestinal obstruction after pyloric stenosis. The cause of these intussusceptions in children is usually unknown and they typically occur within the ileocolic region. Management of pediatric patients with the condition often consists of surgical intervention.

Black esophagus: exploring the dark.

Black esophagus is a rare but underdiagnosed disease. It occurs most frequently in severely ill patients and carries a high mortality rate. Cause of death is usually attributed to the comorbid conditions.

Primary aortoesophageal fistula: a rare cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a potentially life-threatening emergency, especially in the elderly. This condition accounts for approximately 1% of all emergency room admissions. Among the causes of such bleeding is aortoesophageal fistula, a dreaded but apparently rare condition, first recognized in 1818.