Identification of minor nitrosation products of the alkaloid gramine by mass spectrometry.

The nitrosation of gramine, a tertiary amine alkaloid present in barley malt, was carried out by reaction with sodium nitrite in buffered acetic acid (pH 3.4) for 1 hr at room temperature. Following the previous isolation and identification of the major nitrosation products (Ahmad et al.

Synthesis of N1-nitroso-3-nitromethylindole: a nonvolatile N-nitroso compound isolated from the nitrosation of the alkaloid gramine.

An approach to the synthesis of N1-nitroso-3-nitromethylindole, a nitrosation product of the alkaloid gramine, is described. The method involves a few reaction steps starting from indole-3-carbinol.

Isolation and characterization of products from the nitrosation of the alkaloid gramine.

The nitrosation of gramine, a tertiary amine alkaloid present in barley malt, was carried out by reaction with sodium nitrite in buffered acetic acid (pH 3.4) for 1 hr at room temperature. Two major non-volatile products of the nitrosation reaction were isolated by preparative HPLC and characterized as indole-3-carboxylic acid and N1-nitroso-3-nitromethylindole.

1-Methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol as an aggregation pheromone ofDendroctonus pseudotsugae.

1-Methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol (1,2-MCH-ol) was synthesized, identified as a compound found in volatiles of the female Douglas-fir beetle, and shown by bioassays to be an aggregation pheromone. 1,2-MCH-ol matches in both GC retention index and mass spectrum a compound released by the female after feeding. 3,3-MCH-ol was also synthesized as a candidate compound; its mass spectrum is presented because published mass spectra are incorrect for this compound.

Identification and mutagenicity of aflatoxicol-M1 produced by metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxicol by liver fractions from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed beta-naphthoflavone.

beta-Naphthoflavone (beta NF) fed to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at 50 or 500 ppm in the diet, modified the in vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by the postmitochondrial fraction (PMF) of the liver. Production of aflatoxicol (AFL) was significantly less in the 500 ppm beta NF-fed group (33.9 ng/mg protein) than in the control group (45.