Validation and cross-cultural comparisons of the German Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS).

: Child maltreatment is embedded in a complex system of familial, societal and cultural influences. However, the microsystemic framework in which child maltreatment occurs has not been sufficiently accounted for in previous measures of trauma history. In order to include this relational context, a novel survey method, the Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS), was developed, focusing specifically on the familial environment and childhood attachment relationships.

[Breech presentation - more than just caesarean vs. spontaneous birth].

The cesarean section rate and the associated complications are still rising in Germany. An important indication is term breech in singletons. Not significant data concerning a higher morbidity or mortality in vaginal breech birth indicate the cesarean but a deficit in education and experience.

[Determinations by indirect calorimetry need not be expensive and technically complicated. A new measurement system and its validation].

Presentation of a newly conceived measuring instrument to determine the energy expenditure of critically ill patients at the bedside by means of indirect calorimetry. The special advantages of the measuring instruments are easy handling, little maintenance and very low working expenses and prime costs. The accuracy of measurement is considerable nd is comparable with that of other measuring methods, as has been established by an extensive validation.