Probiotics for maintaining oral health during fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To systematically review the effect of probiotics on oral health during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Methods: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched up to August 2022 using broad MeSH terms and keywords. Randomized clinical trials comparing a probiotic with a control/no treatment; at least 10 patients/group undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy; and reporting at least one oral health-related parameter were included.

A dual pressure indicator, two-layer compression system for treatment of venous leg ulcers: a review.

Objective: Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are considered the most frequent category of hard-to-heal limb ulcers. Although evidence-based care of VLUs suggests that compression therapy plays a pivotal role in the standard of care, patient adherence is considered low, with at least 33% non-compliance, either due to perceived problems from clinicians regarding their own competency in applying the bandages, or from the patient finding the wrapping bothersome. For many years, four-layer bandaging has been considered the 'gold standard', but application can be difficult and may also prove uncomfortable for patients.

Rhinitis due to in an orange-winged Amazon parrot ().

Species within the complex are being increasingly recognized as pathogens of animals and humans. An orange-winged Amazon parrot () was referred for a 6 month-history of a slowly developing swelling involving the right nostril. Abnormal physical exam findings included a mild firm swelling at the dorsolateral aspect of the right nostril with no nasal discharge.

"Idiopathic" pulmonary arterial hypertension in early infancy: Excluding NFU1 deficiency.

NFU1 deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder affecting iron-sulfur cluster synthesis, an essential pathway for lipoic acid-dependent enzymatic activities and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. It is a little-known cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), while PAH is a prominent feature of the disease. We herein report on a female infant diagnosed as having idiopathic PAH since 1 month of age, who did not respond to bosentan plus sildenafil.